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Engines run within a specific air/fuel ratio. On a normally aspirated gas engine the optimum ratio for the most complete combustion is 14.7:1. For max power it's about 13:1 or 13.5:1. Over about 15.5:1 and temperatures rise inside of the combustion chamber, the valves burn and your motor stops motoring, or pre-ignition occurs and it blows holes in the pistons and your motor stops motoring. I'm not a diesel mechanic and I'm not qualified to say what a proper air/fuel ratio is for a diesel, but I know for sure that you can't just bolt on a turbo or blower and go, you must enrich the mixture to within acceptable parameters, and I also know for sure that all of that black smoke is not unburnt fuel, a lot of it is the impurities inherent to diesel fuel.
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