The boats you listed in your post are a good place to start. Also the O'days, ComPacs, etc. Even though these are trailerable, you would probably want to either keep them on the water or rigged and on a trailer at your marina if you just want to day-sail. Too much hassle to start from scratch each day.
I am most familiar with Catalina and know it to be an easy boat to learn on and sail. The accommodations aren't too bad for a small boat, but I think you'll be hardpressed to find an enclosed shower on any boat this size. Cockpit shower, maybe. I think some of these boats have enclosed, plumbed heads, but you might find the porta potti to be the standard. Still, even a teenager might warm up to that when she balances it against the fun of sailing.

My three daughters tolerate the 'lugable loo' behind a curtain on my Catalina 22 just fine. They just like to be out on the boat.
There's a fair number of boats out there that might fit your needs, and many have a devoted following of owners which makes it easy to get help, advise, parts, upgrade ideas, etc.
Good luck on your quest. I'm sure you'll find just the right boat. And welcome to the Net. Lots of good advise here, a very helpful bunch of knowledgeable sailors.