Ahh thanks...
The genoa change we call it "na sombra", wich means in the shadow, or "muda a sotavento" which meand to leeward.
The bald head, I see it bald head, no hair, therefore no sail...no name for it, but we call it "troca de vela on convés" or deck sail change.
Now, I don't know if you know, but the English/Portuguese aliance is the oldest know still runing alliance in the World. It dates back many many centuries.
The Portuguese were good sailors mainly because Portugal had very good writers and cartpgraphs, plus the
compass. Made pretty good boats, and invented some cool sailing things.
Add that to the fact that as a strong catolic country, the gains and learnings received when in 1360 we welcomed the Cruzades, that were fleeing from France, made us true believers in the Catolic word, thus the need to expand religion was maybe the most important fact.
In the end, economical reasons were also important.
But, very dark, large hairy gonads helped also!!!
Some say they sailed to run away from their wifes, but I don't believe...we have a few pretty ladies around here.