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Old 07-28-2004
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Blind Navigation










The crew (the author is second from the left)and their instructor are ready to embark on five days of ultimate sailing.

By Tom White


As a special 60th birthday treat three years ago on a trip to England, I stayed an extra week after my wife went home and I attended a sailing school. The course was a Royal Yachting Association Day Skipper course at Southern Sailing School in Southampton. We had four students and an instructor on a Yamaha 33 for a week. I had wanted some experience in The Solentthe channel between the Isle of Wight and the mainlandand with the tides and traffic. My sailing up until then had all been on a lake in Oklahoma with no tide, no traffic, and certainly no navigation challenges as those I was bound to encounter on one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world.








We spent five full daystwo days until 2:00 a.m.learning navigation in tidal currents, popping in and out of numerous harbors and rivers all the while dodging ferries, container ships, dredges, and various fixed hazards to navigation. We ran aground in the soft mud of creeks and rivers a dozen or more times and learned to handle the boat in narrow rivers and crowded marinas.










A passing ferry in The Solent.  It's really closer than it looks!
Still in spite of all this excitement, the most interesting exercise to me was without a doubt “blind navigation."  For this exercise the instructor gave each of us a course to plot and direct the helmsman to carry it out while remaining below at the chart table with instructions not to look out the ports. The instructor and other students stayed in the cockpit and steered the course given by the navigator and kept a lookout for traffic.

My assigned course was to sail to a specific buoy about two nautical miles down Southampton water. Given 15 minutes to plan, I plotted a simple course “buoy hopping” at the side of the channel—with a half-mile or so between buoys.  I could give the helmsman a course to steer, a depth to look for, and landmarks or buoys near our course to call out as we passed.  

Our instructor pretended it was foggy and that he couldn’t see anything farther than a hundred meters or less away.  Motoring at about four knotsa mile every 15 minutesI gave the helmsman a course for the first leg and the approximate time we should arrive. As we approached the first buoy, the instructor called out its identification and the approximate distance and side at our closest passing.  I plotted our position and recalculated a course to steer to the next buoy based on our drift and new position and figured the time we should reach it.  The current was pretty much parallel to our course so adjustments for current were easy and after about three legs I had a good correction for current by iteration.











One of the many rivers that feed into The Solentposing yet another challenge for someone used to sailing on a lake.
Even so, the exercise was nerve wracking. Navigating blind with only charts, compass, depth sounder, and watch,  depending on someone you cannot see but can talk to makes for a great deal of uncertainty. Knowing the height of tide would have been helpful in determining when we crossed a depth contour, but as a lake sailor, tide calculations were not my strong point.

At our destinations, the instructor called us out to see that each of us had hit his destination buoy dead on. Nerve wracking as it was, our half-hour blind navigation exercise was a great experience.  e found that we could navigate without being able to see much and correct for current and other variables to accurately reach our destination determining our estimated position with dead reckoning and a little feedbackall without GPS!  











The HMS Victory seen here at the Portsmouth Harbor is still in commission.
The exercise gave me the confidence to depend on my dead reckoning skills in future situations of limited visual confirmations, whether out of sight of land or fog.  And I learned to use any method available for confirming position whether depth contour, navigation aids, ranges (transit in British usage) or landmarks.

In our course we were able to learn and practice many new skills such as identifying ships by navigation lights, reading cardinal marks, docking in a fast current, tacking down a narrow creek and using a “ferry glide."  We also practiced MOB procedures off Portsmouth with British Navy ships spanning 200 years anchored nearby (HMS Victory, Nelson’s flagship, is at Portsmouth).  None, however, was as memorable as my exhausting and harrowing 25 minutes of blind navigation.







Sailing in England

My course was in late June, but instead of shorts, sunscreen, and shades on the deck with a cold drink in hand, we wore wool sweaters and oilies and sat in the cabin with a warm milky drink.

England is quite far north and its mild climate comes by way of the warm Gulf Stream. On the water, summers can still be cold and wet.

The RYA (Royal Yachting Association) offers many courses in sailing, power boating, and wind surfing. The Day Skipper course that I took is probably equivalent to US Sailing’s Basic Cruising course. The RYA web site (www.rya.org.uk) is quite extensive and worth a look. I used Southern Sailing School (www.southern.co.uk) a non-profit school. Several other sailing schools are in the area and all organizations worldwide offering RYA courses are listed on the RYA website.

There are a dozen or so English sailing magazines, some that can be found on US newsstands. I subscribe to Sailing Today (sailingtoday.co.uk). Many schools and charter companies advertise in the magazines and the articles give a little different look at our favorite pastime.













 


About the author: Tom and Robin White live in Kansas City and sail their Ranger 23 on Grand Lake ’O the Cherokees in northeast Oklahoma where they plan to retire and sail more often.


 




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