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My money is still on the Ratchet gears (#13 and/or 20 on schematic) installed upside down. From what I can tell by looking at the file you posted it is possible. The pawls can only go into the pawl gear one way but the pawl gear assembly will fit into the ratchet gear two different ways. Only one way will work.
You just have to go through and follow that schematic as you reassemble. Test each assembly as you go along. ie. Insert the springs in the pawls, pawls in the gear. Test the spring tension. Push down on the pawl, it should snap right back up. Insert pawl gear assembly into ratchet gear, turn ratchet gear around one way, should go free. Try to turn the other way, should not move. Etc. Carry that through the whole rebuild.
Unless you have parts left over or are missing some, if it worked before, it will work again.
With my winch, even with all the grease on the pawls, and weak springs at least one of the pawls would grab eventually. The winch would not keep slipping backward.
You just have to go through and follow that schematic as you reassemble. Test each assembly as you go along. ie. Insert the springs in the pawls, pawls in the gear. Test the spring tension. Push down on the pawl, it should snap right back up. Insert pawl gear assembly into ratchet gear, turn ratchet gear around one way, should go free. Try to turn the other way, should not move. Etc. Carry that through the whole rebuild.
Unless you have parts left over or are missing some, if it worked before, it will work again.
With my winch, even with all the grease on the pawls, and weak springs at least one of the pawls would grab eventually. The winch would not keep slipping backward.